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The Performance

Today I will speak of what is known as aviation performance of an aircraft. This is a very interesting but in turn explain complex, especially staff "no aircraft, so I'll try to put it in the most simple objects can to make it easy to understand for everyone.

could say that the performance is the set of mathematical parameters that define the way you have to fly an airplane. Let me explain. All we ever heard, or experienced, the history of that aircraft had to throw fuel to save weight and to land, or much more high-profile cases as the landing of the aircraft carried passengers because overweight and can not take off.

The vast majority of aircraft operations are based on weight. Obviously the weight on an airplane is important, because it depends on factors such as takeoff speeds, runway length required, the cruising altitude to which we fly, or fuel consumption. All these factors are specified in the tables of performance of each airplane.

Each aircraft has its weight limits. Thus, in the section on specific gravity of an aircraft we can find the maximum takeoff weight, maximum weight of load, ramp weight, maximum landing weight, maximum weight-load, etc.

There is a direct relationship between the weight of an airplane and the speed required to perform a maneuver ie for every maneuver there is a speed determined by the weight of the aircraft at that time. For example, takeoff speeds are calculated, among other factors to be discussed later, depending on the weight. It is easy to understand that the higher weight, higher airspeed needed to sustain a plane in the air. The same applies to the stall speed (the speed at which the plane "left" to fly). The greater weight loss faster.

Table

relationship between available power and temperature

However, the result of flying a plane within a certain speed and weight is altered by three other factors taken into account too, which are temperature, altitude and air pressure that can determine for example, that an airplane can off or not.

Nobody scared because now I will not go into topics of physics to explain this. Just hold on to that higher temperature and altitude of an airport, the greater the speed needed for takeoff or landing a plane, and consequently, the higher the required runway length.

The engine power is also affected by these factors of altitude and temperature. The higher the temperature and altitude lower the available power in the engines. The reason is that a hot air ingested by a turbine at high speeds must not only may damage the internal parts but could cause the compressor stall due to lower air density, which could lead to loss of thrust in that motor.

Applying this to a practical case, we could say that in a very hot day in an airport located high above sea level, a plane may not have enough runway to take off according to their weight. Whereupon, or canceled flight, or remove the weight necessary to take the airplane within safe operating limits. This is the reason why Barajas tracks or those in very warm areas such as Andalusia and the Canary Islands have such long tracks.

required runway length may vary depending on the temp.

As the takeoffs and landings are subject to certain parameters, so is the climb after takeoff. The promotions are regulated by a minimum slope aircraft safety must be able to comply with engine stopped, and sometimes affected by the topography of an airport. For example, Alvedro has two headers, the 04 and 22. The latter heads to a hill, forcing a passenger aircraft to make an immediate left turn after takeoff with a speed limit. With limited aircraft capacity, with a lot of weight or high air temperature, could be the case that could not meet the required speed or the slope given in the case of engine failure, so that aircraft could not take off.

on contaminated runways
more meters are needed for takeoff, and landing stop

Other factors such as the weather affecting the performance of the aircraft on takeoff or landing. For example, rain, snow, or anything else that might "contaminate" the court penalized the same length required for takeoff. In turn, a contaminated runway braking capability offers less and therefore a greater length of runway needed to land, which can translate into the cancellation of operations because they can not meet the parameters. Nor can we forget that in the takeoff is referred to the length of runway needed to slow and stop if an abortion maneuvering and braking that takes into account the condition of the track, which finally together is what determines the weight and wind, the speed at which we can no longer abort the takeoff decision speed or V1.

As you have noticed, are thousands of factors to take into account the operations of the aircraft, always subject to specific parameters given by tables of performance of aircraft and in any case to the improvisation of the crew.

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Apollo XI: Going to the Sea of \u200b\u200bTranquility.

40 th Anniversary of the arrival of man to the moon.

Today is July 20. On this day 40 years ago, man first walked on the moon . Without doubt this is the largest ever space conquest achieved, and probably the greatest challenge man has faced in its history.

But I'm not going to tell you about stepping on the moon for documentaries that are already circulating these days on television. Today I would speak of the fine print of what never mind, the human factor, the value and courage of the Apollo program NASA , program for whom I have deep admiration and respect. Only then understand what humanity is faced that afternoon in July 1969.

When Neil Armstrong got off the lunar module after landing on the moon in Mare Tranquilitatis, and uttered the words that we all know, humanity was not ready for that really. In 1969 there was no technology for a mission of such caliber. There were many things that could go wrong, and some were about to turn into tragedy that the end was a miraculous success.

The Apollo capsule was a cone 3 meters high by 4 meters in diameter at its base, up to 3 astronauts compathy a tiny cabin in a journey that took about a week. Was installed at the tip of a huge rocket 110 meters high, the Saturn V.

The Saturn was responsible for providing the necessary thrust to escape Earth orbit and direct the path to the lunar orbit. Inside the Saturn V had three modules, the Command Module (the cabin carrying the three astronauts), the Service Module (CSM), which supplied electricity, oxygen and water to the Command Module and Lunar Module ( LEM), the ship on which the astronauts descend from lunar orbit to the surface.

Although you can give image of being a very sophisticated technology package, nothing is further from the truth. A Moon have been little more than a tin of sardines. The technology of the Apollo program was sufficient, but not enough to put a man on the moon . The command module was guided by a computer about the size of a box of CD's, and had fewer features than a scientific calculator.

Lunar Module was a device with four spider-like legs. The outer skin was as thick as two layers of aluminum foil. Was designed to land on the moon and could only accommodate two astronauts for just two days.

This module was installed on the Saturn V on the Service Module. Once the plane was on the path toward the Moon had to remove the Lunar Module inside the Saturn and attaching it to the Command Module in a move that astronauts performed a fully manual, and which had not room for error. If the two modules are not successfully mated in space would have to abort the mission.

As you see, the lack technology was supplied by the human factor, perhaps even limits greatly exaggerated. The Apollo XI was on the verge of failure when, shortly before landed on the Moon, an alarm came in the form warning that the computer data had been saturated and had been locked. The lunar module was diverted landing point and Armstrong had to take the controls for landing on the moon with a ship, to make matters worse, he was about to run out of fuel. Worse was when Aldrin and Armstrong returned to the lunar module and found that the engine ignition circuit was broken. If they could not turn the engine could not return to the command module that had been orbiting the Moon and take them back home. There was also no possibility of rescue; die in the Moon. It was just a pen what saved them from certain death to be able to introduce in the circuit and igniting the propellant.

Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins returned to Earth to become global heroes.

The Apollo XIII

But the story of Apollo XI can not be understood in its integrity without talking about what happened to the Apollo XIII. Mission 13 was the biggest success in the history of NASA . In April 1970, only months after stepping Moon, NASA was about repeat the same feat. This time in the crater Fra Mauro. Three days after launch, and ongoing Moon, one of the cryogenic oxygen tanks located in the Service Module exploded, leaving the ship almost no energy and pouring the remaining oxygen in outer space.

The situation in which they found the three astronauts - Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert - makes the hair stand on end. Alone, hundreds of thousands of miles from Earth , running out of oxygen in a tiny cabin without enough energy to go home. They had to basic survival systems as lighting, heating and rationing the little water that remained. Fred Haise began to feel ill and Lovell and Swigert both suffered a great psychological stress that prevented them from thinking clearly. The team was that night at the mission control did not rest a single second for nearly two days until he could miraculously bring the three men safely back to Earth .

You can read more about the Apollo 11 http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolo_11

You can download the flight plan of the Apollo XI: http://history.nasa .gov/alsj/a11/a11final-fltpln.pdf

(This entry was posted on July 20 2009 at 15:30 hours, at which time 40 years ago, we walked on the moon first).

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Idol: Airline Pilot Being

"Becoming a airline pilot is like Pop Idol, from the success was sold as something easy, but once inside academia things are not simple, and what is outside is even worse. A hundred, two survive. "

is the dream of youth who choose to direct their studies toward aviation, elitist world of gold braid, beautiful hostesses and air rich kids who travel around the world in the cockpits of modern jets. Unfortunately, the notion held by many about this world is totally false.

program is very similar to American Idol: success is sold as a very nice and easy, but once inside the academy things are not simple, and what is outside is even worse. Hundred, two survive.

be a pilot, in general, not the best job in the world and is so well paid as people think. I do not know what it charges an airline pilot, but I know you get into this looking for a good salary and good retirement best to be a minister or official in the worst case. This idea of \u200b\u200b"millionaire air" is from that time that Iberia was the state and benefited from the pilots from the Air Force and the ENA. Today, with the airlines and flying schools privatized, the crisis and now Iberia is the only English company, things are very different.

Although it seems obvious what I say, in the background is something that not everyone is clear: to become a pilot you have to like to fly above all, not only passengers but also aircraft cargo planes, spraying, ultralight planes and brooms if any, and you have to like it enough to get up at 3 am, far from home, your family and friends, because loneliness is something that is part of the life of any crew. The

of the airlines is not a work of great personal satisfaction "technician" level. Let me explain. Today's airline pilots not drive anything, manage the flight, which is very different. In a world where computers and the simplicity of the cabins has gained momentum, a few things you are already a pilot who does not touch switches, turn switches and overcome delays in the air. The truth was piloting during the years of Constellation or Caravelle.

If this is not no wonder, not to mention the way forward for achieving this. The first error, and the most common, is to think that everything begins and ends at a flying school. Pursue a career as a professional pilot today can be about € 50,000 and this is only the first part. After completing the studies, the English rider is facing a market that has more than 5,000 drivers on strike, most of them from other airlines and thousands of hours flying jet aircraft. Next to that, what a driver is a recent graduate with only 200 hours? Simply nothing, unless you have a mega-outlet on an airline phase and has also lucky enough to be called and succeed in these tests. If not, you can grab to pull out a type rating, ie a "license" specific to fly a particular type of aircraft. The price of one of these courses is around € 30,000 or € 40,000. The problem is that you're like yogurts, that expire, and give you nothing over another experienced pilot does not already. If after a few months have not found a job, has thrown the money.

If you got to read this far, congratulations. Perhaps your calling is far above what anyone can tell you in a blog. If you still think that flying is the best in world and would rather die trying before revolverte in the grave without having done anything, then do not hesitate, go for it. But remember to get before you have to fly much and many planes, flying solo, flying competitions and anything that puts you ahead. Learn to fly not only carry a passenger plane from point A to point B.

Luck!